How do Biodegradable Films & Bags Compare to Compostable Alternatives?

Biodegradable films and bags and compostable alternatives share similarities in terms of their environmental benefits, but they also have distinct differences. Here's how they compare:
Biodegradability:
Biodegradable films and bags: Biodegradable materials break down naturally over time through the action of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and enzymes, into simpler compounds like water, carbon dioxide, and biomass. However, there are no strict guidelines or standards defining the timeframe or conditions required for biodegradation, and some biodegradable materials may persist in the environment for extended periods.
Compostable alternatives: Compostable materials undergo biological decomposition under specific conditions within a composting environment, typically within a defined timeframe (e.g., within 180 days). Compostable materials break down into organic matter, leaving behind no visible or toxic residue. They must meet stringent standards, such as ASTM D6400 or EN 13432, to be certified as compostable.
End-of-Life Disposal:
Biodegradable films and bags: Biodegradable materials can degrade in various environments, including landfills, soil, and water bodies. However, the rate and extent of biodegradation may vary depending on factors such as temperature, moisture, and microbial activity.
Compostable alternatives: Compostable materials require specific conditions found in industrial composting facilities or home composting systems to break down efficiently. These conditions include adequate temperature, moisture, oxygen, and microbial activity. Compostable materials are not designed to degrade in conventional landfill environments.
Environmental Impact:
Biodegradable films and bags: While biodegradable materials offer potential benefits in reducing plastic pollution and waste accumulation, their environmental impact can vary depending on factors such as composition, additives, and disposal practices. Improper disposal of biodegradable materials in natural environments may lead to littering or contamination.
Compostable alternatives: Compostable materials offer a more controlled end-of-life disposal option, as they break down into organic matter and nutrients that can enrich soil and support plant growth. Proper disposal of compostable materials in composting facilities or home composting systems reduces reliance on landfills and contributes to circular economy principles.
Certification and Standards:
Biodegradable films and bags: The term "biodegradable" is often used loosely and may not always indicate adherence to specific standards or certification programs. Manufacturers may use biodegradable additives or formulations without clear guidelines on degradation rates or environmental impact.
Compostable alternatives: Compostable materials must meet stringent certification standards, such as ASTM D6400 (USA) or EN 13432 (Europe), to ensure their compostability and environmental safety. Certification labels, such as the "Seedling" logo or "OK Compost" certification, indicate compliance with recognized compostability standards.
In summary, while both biodegradable films and bags and compostable alternatives offer environmental benefits, compostable materials undergo stricter certification processes and require specific composting conditions for efficient breakdown. Choosing the appropriate option depends on factors such as end-of-life disposal infrastructure, environmental considerations, and regulatory requirements.